某中学学生张某在老师的悉心指导下获得了市歌唱比赛二等奖，奖金

【名词&注释】

经济利益(economic interests)、民事权利(civil rights)、教学计划(teaching plan)、课文内容(text contents)、提出问题(posing problems)、突出重点(prominent major points)、物质财富(material wealth)、锻炼身体(body exercises)、灵活性。、节省时间(save time)

[单选题]某中学学生张某在老师的悉心指导下获得了市歌唱比赛二等奖，奖金1000元。以下说法正确的是( )

A. 应该归其监护人所有
B. 监护人没有奖金的所有权
C. 张某代表学校比赛，奖金应是张某与学校共同拥有
D. 奖金的取得也有音乐老师的一部分

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学习资料：

[单选题]教育心理起源论认为教育起源于( )。

A. 生产劳动
B. 模仿
C. 语言
D. 动物本能

[单选题]学校体育的根本任务是( )。

A. 增强学生的体质
B. 提高运动水平
C. 培养优秀的运动员
D. 养成锻炼身体^{(body exercises)}的习惯

[单选题] Like most people, I've long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I'm treated as a person. Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they'd never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I'd been. I had waited tables during summers in college and was treated like a peon by plenty of people. But at 19 years old, I believed I deserved inferior treatment from professional adults. Besides, people responded to me differently after I told them I was in college. Customers would joke that one day I'd be sitting at their table, waiting to be served. Once I graduated I took a job at a community newspaper. From my first day, I heard a respectful tone from everyone who called me. I assumed this was the way the professional world worked-cordially. I soon found out differently, I sat several feet away from an advertising sales representative with a similar name. Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. The mistake was immediately evident. Perhaps it was because money was involved, but people used a tone with Kristen that they never used with me. My job title made people treat me with courtesy. So it was a shock to return to the restaurant industry. It's no secret that there's a lot to put up with when waiting tables, and fortunately, much of it can be easily forgotten when you pocket the tips. The service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others' needs. Still, it seemed that many of my customers didn't get the difference between server and servant. I'm now applying to graduate school, which means someday I'll. return to a profession where people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want. I think I'll take them to dinner first, and see how they treat someone whose only job is to serve them.

What does the example in the second paragraph imply?

A. Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances.
B. Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.
C. Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all.
D. People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-nunded.

[多选题]简述思维导图(mind mapping)的含义（4分）及其两个用途（6分），写出教师在课堂 　　教学中运用思维导图的三点注意事项（6分），并举一例说明思维导图的用法（4分）。

A. (1)含义：思维导图是一种使用图形来组织和表达发散性思维的工具。它运用图文并重的技巧，把各级主题的关系用相互隶属与相关的层级图表现出来，建立主题关键词与图像、颜色等要素之间的记忆链接。(2)思维导图的两个用途：①学生在学习中可以利用思维导图组织学习内容、整理知识框架等，以提升学习效率。例如，在预习时，学生可以利用思维导图展现新旧知识间的联系，促进知识的有效迁移；在课堂上，学生可以利用思维导图做课堂笔记，节省时间^{(save time)}，方便记忆；在复习时，学生可以利用思维导图有效整合知识，加强记忆。②教师在教学中可以利用思维导图制订教学计划、整理教学设计、展示教学内容等，以提升教学效率。例如，在语法课上，教师可以利用思维导图构建语法知识网络；在阅读课上，教师可以利用思维导图展示文章组织结构；在写作课上，教师可以利用思维导图理清写作思路。(3)教师在课堂教学中运用思维导图的三点注意事项：①要注意相关性。思维导图所归纳、总结的知识都应围绕某个主题来展开。教师要为学生创设与学习主题相关的、学生感兴趣的问题情境，激发学生的学习兴趣，调动其学习积极性，然后指导学生以问题情境为中心构建思维导图。②要注意灵活性。思维可视化的形式应依据不同问题的性质而自由变化，不必拘泥于固定的思路和风格。③要注意适度性。思维导图只是一种辅助教学的工具，教师不能完全依赖它。(4)案例：在教授学生阅读篇幅长、生词多、结构和层次复杂或不太清晰的文章时，教师先呈现思维导图，大概地介绍全文大意，帮助学生整体理解文章；然后，教师根据中心主题和主干提出问题，让学生带着问题分部分、分层次阅读，突出重点，关注细节，加深理解；阅读后，可让学生在小组内进行分享和交流，此时教师在多媒体课件中利用思维导图呈现答案的关键词，帮助学生梳理知识点；最后，教师引导学生根据思维导图的提示复述课文内容。

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