材料：最近偶然看《红楼梦》，书中讲到有个丫鬟很喜欢陆放翁的两

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必典考网发布"材料：最近偶然看《红楼梦》，书中讲到有个丫鬟很喜欢陆放翁的两"考试试题下载及答案，更多教师资格证-高中英语的考试试题下载及答案考试题库请访问必典考网高中教师资格频道。

[多选题]材料：最近偶然看《红楼梦》，书中讲到有个丫鬟很喜欢陆放翁的两句诗：“重帘不卷留香久，古砚微凹聚墨多”，林黛玉却对她说：“这种诗千万不能学，学作这样的诗，你就不会作诗了。”黛玉又说：“你应当读王摩诘、杜甫、李白跟陶渊明的诗。每一家读几十首，或是一两百首，得了了解以后，你会懂得作诗了。”这一段话讲得很有意思。放翁这两句诗，对得很工整。其实则是字面上的堆砌，而背后没有人。若说它完全没有人，也不尽然，到底该有个人在里面。这个人，在书房烧了一炉香，帘子不挂起来，在那里写字，或作诗。有很好的烟台，磨了墨，还没用。则是此诗背后原是有一人，但这人却教什么人来当都可，因此人并不见有特殊的意境与特殊的情趣，这就算做俗，高雅的人则不尽然，应有他一番特殊的情趣和意境。此刻先拿黛玉所举三人王维、杜甫、李白来说，他们恰巧代表了三种性格，也代表了三派学问。王摩诘是释，是禅宗。李白是道，是老庄。杜甫是儒，是孔孟。禅宗常讲“无我、无住、无着”。后来人论诗，主张要不著一字，尽得风流。但作诗怎能不著一字，又怎能不著一字而尽得风流呢?我们可选摩诘一联句来作例。这一联是大家都喜欢的：雨中山果落，灯下草虫鸣。此一联拿来和上引放翁一联相比，两联中都有一个境，境中都有一个人。放翁一联的境中人如何，上面已说过。现在且将摩诘这一联。在深山里有一所屋，有人在此屋中坐，晚上下了雨，听到窗外书上果给雨一打，朴朴地掉下。草里很多的虫，都在雨下叫。那人呢?就在屋里雨中灯下，听到外面山果落，草虫鸣，当然还夹着雨声。这样一个境，有情有景，拿来和陆联相比，便知一方是活的动的，另一方却是死而滞的了。这一联中重要字面在“落”字和“鸣”字。在这两字中透露出天地自然界的生命气息来。大概是秋天吧，所以山中果子都熟了。给雨一打，禁不起在那里朴朴地掉下。草虫在秋天正是得时，都在那里叫。这声音和景物都跑进这屋里人的视听感觉中。那坐在屋里的这个人，这是顿然感到此生命，而同时又感到此凄凉。生命表现在山果草虫身上，凄凉则是在夜静的雨声中。我们请问当时作这诗的人，他碰到那种境界，他心上感觉到些什么呢?我们如此一想，就懂得“不著一字尽得风流”这八个字的涵义了。正因他所感觉的没讲出来，这是一种意境。而妙在他不讲，他只把这一外境放在前边给你看，好让读者自己去领略。若使接着在下面再发挥了一段哲学理论，或是人生观，或是什么杂感之类，那么这首诗就减了价值，诗味淡了，诗格也低了。但我们看到这两句诗，我们总要问，这在作者心上究竟感觉了些什么呢?我们也会因为读了这两句诗，在自己心上，也感觉出了在这两句诗中所涵的意义。这是一种设身处地之领悟。亦即所谓欣赏。我们读上举放翁那一联，似乎诗后面更没有东西，没有像摩诘那一联中的情趣与意境。摩诘诗之妙，妙在他在对宇宙人生抱有一番看法，他虽没有写出来，但此情此景，却尽已在纸上。这是作诗的很高境界，也可说摩诘是由学禅而参悟到此境。（摘编自钱穆《中国文学论丛》） 　　问题： 　　（1）为何黛玉认为不能学“重帘不卷留香久，古砚微凹聚墨多”这样的诗?请结合文本，简要概括。（4分） 　　（2）文章认为“雨中山果落，灯下草虫鸣”体现了王维怎样的作诗境界?请简要分析。（10分）

A. （1）放翁这两句诗，对得很工整。实则只是字面上的堆砌，而背后没有人。诗中的境中人却教什么人来当都可，因此人并不见有特殊的意境，与特殊的情趣。无意境，无情趣，也只是一俗人。诗就是死而滞的了。 （2）“雨中山果落，灯下草虫鸣”此联联中有一个境，境中有一个人，有情有景，是活的动的。体现了王维“不著一字尽得风流”的作诗境界。①“落”和“鸣”这两个字中透露出天地自然界的生命气息来。这声音和景物都跑进到这屋里人的视听感觉中，使其顿感山果草虫的生命，而同时又感到夜雨的凄凉。②作诗人所感觉的没讲出来，这是一种意境。而妙在他不讲，他只把这一外境放在前边给你看，好让读者自己去领略。③因为读了这两句诗，在自己心上，也感觉出了在这两句诗中所涵的意义。这是一种设身处地之体悟。亦即所谓欣赏。④摩诘诗之妙，妙在他对宇宙人生抱有一番看法，他虽没有写出来，但此情此景，却尽已在纸上，这是作诗的很高境界，也可说摩诘是由学禅而参悟到此境。

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学习资料：

[单选题]普遍认为，当今学习目标之父是美国俄亥俄州立大学的( )。

A. 泰勒
B. 布鲁斯
C. 布卢姆
D. 班杜拉

[单选题]结构课程论的倡导者是( )。

A. 布鲁纳
B. 布卢姆
C. 施瓦布
D. 施良方

[单选题]纸是学习中的必用品，写字时常常用到纸，于是总觉得纸就是用于写字的，却没想过纸可以用来当扇子。这种情况属于( )。

A. 思维定势
B. 功能固着
C. 原型启发
D. 酝酿效应

[单选题]在原型内化阶段，对学生言语培养的重点应放在( )上。

A. 考查言语的动作效应
B. 使学生了解动作本身
C. 巩固学生对动作的认知
D. 使学生学会利用言语来标志练习

[单选题]是否参加课外活动和参加什么活动都是由学生自己按照兴趣爱好来选择的，这体现了课外活动的( )特点

A. 自愿性
B. 实践性
C. 灵活性
D. 交流性

[单选题]请阅读 Passage 2,完成 1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　When American-bom actor Michael Pena was a year old.his parents were deported.They had illegally walked across the U.S.border from Mexico and when they were caught by immigration authorities,they sent Pena and his brother to stay with relatives in the U.S."It was quite a bit of a gamble for my parents," says Pena."but they came back a year later." Pena's father,who had been a farmer in Mexico,got a job at a button factory in Chicago anD.eventually,a green card.Pena stayed in Chicago until,at 19,he fled to Los Angeles to pursue his acting dreams. 　　This family history makes Pena's latest role especially personal.In Cesar Chavez,Pena plays the labor leader as he struggles to organize immigrant California farm workers in the 1960s.To pressure growers to improve working conditions and wages,Chavez led a national boycott of table grapes that lasted from 1965 to 1970 and is recorded in the film.Chavez,like Pena.was the American-born son of Mexican farmers who immigrated to the U.S."He understands this duality,the feeling of being born in a place but having a very big idea of where your heritage comes from," says the film director,Diego Luna."This thing of having to go to school and learn in English and then go home to speak Spanish with your parents." 　　As immigration policy is hotly debated on Capitol Hill this year,Luna and others who were involved with Cesar Chavez are hoping the movie will spark new support for reform and inspire American Latinos to get involved."The message Chavez left was that change couldn't happen without the masses being a part of their own change," says Ferrera.a first generation Honduran American who plays the union leader's wife Helen.Rosario Dawson,who co-founded the advocacy group Voto Latino,plays Chavez ally and labor leader Dolores Huerta. 　　Immigrant-rights issues in the U.S.have evolved substantially in the years since Chavez founded the United Farm Workers (UFW).Undocumented workers now make up a far larger share of the agricultural workforce in Califomia than they did in the 1960s,according to Miriam Pawel,author of The Crusades of Cesar Chavez,published the next month.Chavez was vehemently against illegal immigration,believing it made strikes difficult to execute and weakened the union.FIe initiated a program in the mid-1970s to locate undocumented farm workers and report them to immigration officials,Pawel writes.And despite his early victories,Chavez's UFW union represents just a small part ofthose working on California farms today. 　　"Chavez's legacy is not in the field.which is sad." says Pawel.Still,she says,his organizing strategies,featured extensively in Cesar Chavez,have been adopted by other activists,including those leading the modern immigrant-rights movement.Chavez's most important contribution may have been humanizing the Latino population for the American publiC.Farm laborers,many of whom barely spoke English,traveled across the country during the grape boycott,standing outside grocery stores to persuade housewives not to buy grapes and to spread the word about their plight."They gave the boycott this very human face," says Pawel. 　　"It was families talking to other families," says Luna."It's about the power we have just by being who we are."

What has made Pena's role as Chavez in the movie Cesar Chavez so distinctive?

A. His Mexican immigrant background.
B. His Awareness of his Mexican heritage.
C. His bilingual life at home and at school.
D. His status before legal registration in the US.

[单选题]贯彻"以人为本"的教育理念应做到( )。

A. 尊重学生人格，关注个体差异
B. 让学生自主选择课程
C. 培养学生正确的学习态度
D. 充分地给学生传授科学知识

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